Bible & CanonsA research library with ArxoSources & method ↗

Aquinas · double effect

Aquinas: intention and proportion

Which premises require human judgment?

Explore & compare in the case lab ↗

What this scene lets you inspect

This scene distinguishes observed facts from adjudicative premises. A judgment request is part of the result: changing an observed fact does not silently supply a moral judgment.

Compare observed facts with premises that require a judgment.

Read the source passages

Supplied facts → recorded answers

Each card is one query, including its step in a recorded case. Open the inputs to see exactly what was supplied.

truth · step 1 / 1

Defensio licita (Licita)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 01 defensio licita

Positive supportEvaluation: COMPUTED

licit defence opens the liberty to defend oneself
Viator · liberty · ACTIVE

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Licita)
  • positive Defensor (Licita, Viator)
  • positive Vis illata (Licita)
  • positive Intentio conservationis vitae (Licita)
  • positive Vis moderata (Licita)
  • negative Not: Intentio occisionis (Licita)
  • negative Not: Mors est medium (Licita)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Viator)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:70b9dbc9fcc12b5bdd9ff64353e4971241c0a50d1dea9e23567acfd6c4749bc4
Proof
sha256:b770b5c0e969be7b893e97c76374717e4a760e0c8c25bd6140c3854ddb3868b0
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Defensio illicita (Immoderata)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 02 defensio immoderata

Positive supportEvaluation: COMPUTED

illicit defence forbids defending oneself by this act
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Immoderata)
  • positive Defensor (Immoderata, Viator)
  • positive Vis illata (Immoderata)
  • positive Intentio conservationis vitae (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Vis moderata (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Intentio occisionis (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Viator)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:dcd641a85e3f7d41ebd834a7a7b408257f5f57ad51d2f1044f47a395635ec6aa
Proof
sha256:5bffca0a609ff1529dda631a233555ad0a38e37352696ee4a0ad518a0e5c6ca1
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Defensio licita (Immoderata)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 02b licita negata

No support derivedEvaluation: COMPUTED

illicit defence forbids defending oneself by this act
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Immoderata)
  • positive Defensor (Immoderata, Viator)
  • positive Vis illata (Immoderata)
  • positive Intentio conservationis vitae (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Vis moderata (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Intentio occisionis (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Viator)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:fdea1b1136ae9d479484ceec6b79c464829eb65496b821581beebc287e6a04d6
Proof
sha256:af08648d21c34b091e50dfcf57b6a4b9bab84cdc24b6f744ecd7b8ec148709e0
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Occisio illicita (Vindicta)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 03 intentio homicidii

Positive supportEvaluation: COMPUTED

illicit defence forbids defending oneself by this act
Privatus · prohibition · ACTIVE

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Privatus · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Vindicta)
  • positive Defensor (Vindicta, Privatus)
  • positive Vis illata (Vindicta)
  • positive Intentio occisionis (Vindicta)
  • positive Vis moderata (Vindicta)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Privatus)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:08c90a0ee636a2886194fa68fafc9acd0c4e7f5bd2a998b06f14e2220da9346c
Proof
sha256:178205f782709ae105965c0be1e35e989b8a95d811c8da4f4eba80a9126634de
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Defensio licita (Miles)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 04 miles auctoritas publica

Positive supportEvaluation: COMPUTED

licit defence opens the liberty to defend oneself
Miles · liberty · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Miles)
  • positive Defensor (Miles, Miles)
  • positive Vis illata (Miles)
  • positive Vis moderata (Miles)
  • positive Publicus minister (Miles)
  • positive Intentio occisionis (Miles)
  • positive Refert ad bonum commune (Miles)
  • negative Not: Privata libido (Miles)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:26364371c7927267a8f01267312181c62362b9fe37ac631ab81c0a1a7bee6194
Proof
sha256:b4168c2e70315a098674d0edc6c3be3aa18bbac785e0a702cc1d54ba5361d009
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Defensio licita (Dubium)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 05 moderamen awaits judgment

No support derivedEvaluation: REQUIRES_JUDGMENT
Judgment requests (1)
[
  {
    "authority": "urn:la:aquinas:clir:duplex-effectus#Prudens",
    "id": "urn:judgment:duplex-effectus#test/urn%3Aquery%3Aduplex-05-moderamen-awaits-judgment/query/0:0",
    "predicate": "urn:la:aquinas:clir:duplex-effectus#vis_moderata",
    "proof": "urn:proof:judgment:duplex-effectus#test/urn%3Aquery%3Aduplex-05-moderamen-awaits-judgment/query/0:4fb9212acef2062a40e106bbfc2d8b403b0d9faed726a9fe67ceedd2d730c4ce",
    "request": {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:case:duplex:actus:dubium",
          "kind": "entity_ref"
        }
      ],
      "polarity": "positive",
      "relation": "urn:la:aquinas:clir:duplex-effectus#vis_moderata"
    }
  }
]
Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Dubium)
  • positive Defensor (Dubium, Viator)
  • positive Vis illata (Dubium)
  • positive Intentio conservationis vitae (Dubium)
  • negative Not: Intentio occisionis (Dubium)
  • negative Not: Mors est medium (Dubium)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC

No source anchor is attached to this query’s retained proof. Inspect its supplied facts and evaluation in the case lab.

Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

4 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:134b28c04c2e318fefc9b4ae7f80e7c3c1a1b559fd23f426cdd9947b9ff83e66
Proof
sha256:ecd1b8f5aefadac7cc28f451412a270f1f6f4c20f6f5706ddf134c63ea181d78
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Bellum iustum (Iustum)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 06 bellum iustum

Positive supportEvaluation: COMPUTED

under the three conditions the prince has the liberty to wage war
Princeps · liberty · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented bellum (Iustum)
  • positive Bellum a principe (Iustum, Princeps)
  • positive Auctoritas principis (Iustum)
  • positive Causa iusta (Iustum)
  • positive Intentio recta (Iustum)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:b176fa06499c57b697cb2a9282ec4b6351e60107414bcd697512ccd37e6422fe
Proof
sha256:2c1f2483b39a0ea8489f5942d31546888bf9f1fec728f6312529f6135abfcb05
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Bellum illicitum (Cupiditas)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 07 bellum sine intentione recta

Positive supportEvaluation: COMPUTED
Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented bellum (Cupiditas)
  • positive Auctoritas principis (Cupiditas)
  • positive Causa iusta (Cupiditas)
  • negative Not: Intentio recta (Cupiditas)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC

No source anchor is attached to this query’s retained proof. Inspect its supplied facts and evaluation in the case lab.

Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:473061c042d60a1f252db2189ec45ede4a75412b5b23f2c0d10738423d704ee1
Proof
sha256:a9ed90b6cea53646d5ad2add69b87eeeeaf97772d36337530188751aa7e0df84
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 08 defensio propria positions

2 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

licit defence opens the liberty to defend oneself
Viator · liberty · ACTIVE

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Licita)
  • positive Defensor (Licita, Viator)
  • positive Vis illata (Licita)
  • positive Intentio conservationis vitae (Licita)
  • positive Vis moderata (Licita)
  • negative Not: Intentio occisionis (Licita)
  • negative Not: Mors est medium (Licita)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Viator)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:ab2ce222eb7f1841fecc3cd6ad7bdb2ea0bf99b040a451c99046e57938c6ebf2
Proof
sha256:499fcaa14fc328f48e297c4a37bbb10b0145d8547faacd86aa4ef01b5af97993
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 09 bellum positions

1 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

under the three conditions the prince has the liberty to wage war
Princeps · liberty · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented bellum (Iustum)
  • positive Bellum a principe (Iustum, Princeps)
  • positive Auctoritas principis (Iustum)
  • positive Causa iusta (Iustum)
  • positive Intentio recta (Iustum)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:4bc22d6f0de49207c92c6c30ffba34f093dfec514920e7365b29a588b36c4b83
Proof
sha256:972db75696f473e04cbf4ba09f4d1aaaff1d87e15df0fe3d8b7df4194f831a05
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

truth · step 1 / 1

Defensio illicita (Libido)

Case: Urn:query:duplex 10 privata libido

Positive supportEvaluation: COMPUTED

illicit defence forbids defending oneself by this act
Miles · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Libido)
  • positive Defensor (Libido, Miles)
  • positive Publicus minister (Miles)
  • positive Privata libido (Libido)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:83f04faf40a8bdae3452d607ce0a0bacdd140b6be133ec3e8d6da9cc93f3b8b1
Proof
sha256:eff6cef3f692a2e251ca652d148258087c73ac0794a8947ec7a21fab3db2ce0f
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 11 occisio prohibition violated

2 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

illicit defence forbids defending oneself by this act
Privatus · prohibition · ACTIVE

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Privatus · prohibition · VIOLATED

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Vindicta)
  • positive Defensor (Vindicta, Privatus)
  • positive Vis illata (Vindicta)
  • positive Intentio occisionis (Vindicta)
  • positive Vis moderata (Vindicta)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Privatus)
  • positive Intendit occisionem (Privatus, Vindicta)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:c27869835183a259d54648a548a92a4a48e68860eede8c20f04025dc466732d5
Proof
sha256:0adf41de35c3ae14cb57ca8cb00e28f3b27fd870603f643b2d280f6badcb6380
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 11b miles sine occisio prohibition

1 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

licit defence opens the liberty to defend oneself
Miles · liberty · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Miles)
  • positive Defensor (Miles, Miles)
  • positive Vis illata (Miles)
  • positive Vis moderata (Miles)
  • positive Publicus minister (Miles)
  • positive Intentio occisionis (Miles)
  • positive Refert ad bonum commune (Miles)
  • negative Not: Privata libido (Miles)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:e607b46250659aae319623150a816eb544126670e70653c77f91f97fa74230f4
Proof
sha256:deeedd23d83635b9b5bbce51a8363efd39ed3700648d7834ba870c540a7ddf7e
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 12 defensio illicita prohibition active

2 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

illicit defence forbids defending oneself by this act
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Immoderata)
  • positive Defensor (Immoderata, Viator)
  • positive Vis illata (Immoderata)
  • positive Intentio conservationis vitae (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Vis moderata (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Intentio occisionis (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Viator)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

3 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:ae7ec7c92f1edc51c152fba9a4a1f5d49727837eb6ca81ffb23805404a7d0450
Proof
sha256:dd0cda4d746abfefb220cf5db501c0f953ca91f8cad2c36b15ae91c5b928f5ab
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 12b defensio illicita prohibition violated

2 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

illicit defence forbids defending oneself by this act
Viator · prohibition · VIOLATED

a private person in a situation of defence is forbidden to intend killing
Viator · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented actus (Immoderata)
  • positive Defensor (Immoderata, Viator)
  • positive Vis illata (Immoderata)
  • positive Intentio conservationis vitae (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Vis moderata (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Intentio occisionis (Immoderata)
  • negative Not: Publicus minister (Viator)
  • positive Se defendit (Viator, Immoderata)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:8ada7131718745a194c7f52a9d859fa01ad4462ac2a6ec99f2b3c1638ecb9b2e
Proof
sha256:7a00d36a7f76f77154cce473bd33a3eaa9ddf2a81f2bfc76a45784e6a9a8b013
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 13 bellum illicitum prohibition active

1 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

a war that has become illicit forbids the prince to wage it
Princeps · prohibition · ACTIVE

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented bellum (Cupiditas)
  • positive Bellum a principe (Cupiditas, Princeps)
  • positive Auctoritas principis (Cupiditas)
  • positive Causa iusta (Cupiditas)
  • negative Not: Intentio recta (Cupiditas)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:e419931081822bf0934361af53ecccc69fa4c87568882441a869fac1e15dfb69
Proof
sha256:be2529b27c66de39e30368d0455783ab0e744e2b7f77f44e5f4544eb4ed6a6da
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275

positions · step 1 / 1

Positions

Case: Urn:query:duplex 13b bellum illicitum prohibition violated

1 returned positionsEvaluation: COMPUTED

a war that has become illicit forbids the prince to wage it
Princeps · prohibition · VIOLATED

Supplied inputs & evaluation context
  • positive Presented bellum (Cupiditas)
  • positive Bellum a principe (Cupiditas, Princeps)
  • positive Auctoritas principis (Cupiditas)
  • positive Causa iusta (Cupiditas)
  • negative Not: Intentio recta (Cupiditas)
  • positive Gerit bellum (Princeps, Cupiditas)
decisionTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
knowledgeTime
1270-06-01T12:00:00Z
legalTime
1270-06-01
timezone
UTC
Inspect this answer and proof ↗
Computation identity

2 stated expectations verified · Expectations verified

Result
sha256:c764ebb21d28a14a9b5b75d3bc001bb40c54cf6734779c2b4e12d171924c1616
Proof
sha256:21f02c66b1e80943894a95183f7ee6d02cde94f482ea4dd8f8096504698293c4
Program
sha256:0b0e0fd74bbe533b649028c0f2c2f2d372ee99fdacb423d326406d9c859d04f5
Producer
bbeee997a8ef11816d14fc7a3d2f7e3afb74ceed923c614dafeaf6d92dcc9275